Veterinary Procedures Explained: Cystotomy

What is a cystotomy?

A cystotomy is a surgical procedure where the contents inside the bladder and its tissues are visually inspected. In what is known as an “open” procedure, the surgeon makes an incision through skin and abdominal muscles to get access to the bladder. 

Why is a cystotomy performed?

This procedure is most commonly done to remove bladder stones (rock-like structures that have formed in the urinary bladder).

Why perform a cystotomy laparoscopically?

In most cases the visual inspection of the inside of the bladder can be accomplished through a smaller incision than is required by an open procedure. The 5mm scope can be used in such cases and can result in less tissue damage, less postoperative pain, and quicker recovery versus an open procedure. Many times, the magnification from the scope allows the surgeon to see stones or “sand” that they cannot see or feel on a traditional cystotomy because they are so small. Removing these stones and any particles of sand helps to decrease the recurrence of stones in your pet (although there are many causes of stone formation). A separate procedure is often performed in addition to visually inspect the inside of the urethra (making sure no stones are stuck in the urethra). This urethral inspection is performed using a scope.